Climate Change

Introduction

  1. Climate change is a global challenge requiring international cooperation to mitigate its effects.
  2. Key initiatives include the Kyoto Protocol, the Paris Agreement, and efforts by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).

Kyoto Protocol

  1. The Kyoto Protocol was adopted in 1997 and came into force in 2005 under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC).
  2. It legally binds developed countries to

Introduction

  1. Climate change leads to a wide range of environmental, economic, and social challenges.
  2. Key impacts include rising sea levels and an increase in the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events.

Rising Sea Levels

  1. Caused by the melting of glaciers and polar ice caps due to higher global temperatures.
  2. Thermal expansion: As ocean temperatures rise, water expands, contributing to higher sea levels.
  3. Rising sea levels lead to the

Introduction

  1. Climate change refers to long-term shifts in temperature, precipitation, and weather patterns on Earth.
  2. It is caused by both natural factors and human activities (anthropogenic causes), with human impact being more significant in recent decades.

Natural Causes of Climate Change

  1. Volcanic eruptions release large amounts of ash and gases, such as sulfur dioxide (SO2), which can temporarily cool or warm the atmosphere.
  2. Solar variability