Food preservatives, artificial sweeteners, antioxidants

1. Introduction to Chemicals in Food

1. Chemicals in food are added to enhance flavor, texture, shelf life, and nutritional value.
2. Common food chemicals include preservatives, sweeteners, antioxidants, emulsifiers, and stabilizers.
3. These chemicals must be safe, non-toxic, and approved by regulatory bodies like the FDA and FSSAI.

2. Food Preservatives

1. Food preservatives are substances that prevent spoilage and increase shelf life.
2. They inhibit the growth of bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms.
3. Types of preservatives:
   • Natural preservatives: Salt, sugar, vinegar, and spices.
   • Artificial preservatives: Chemical compounds added to processed foods.
4. Common artificial preservatives:
   • Sodium benzoate – Used in fruit juices and carbonated drinks.
   • Sorbic acid – Prevents mold growth in dairy products.
   • Sulfur dioxide – Preserves dried fruits and wines.
   • Nitrites and nitrates – Used in processed meats to prevent bacterial growth.

3. Artificial Sweeteners

1. Artificial sweeteners are sugar substitutes that provide sweetness without extra calories.
2. They are used in diet foods, sugar-free beverages, and diabetic-friendly products.
3. Common artificial sweeteners:
   • Saccharin – First discovered sweetener, about 300 times sweeter than sugar.
   • Aspartame – Used in soft drinks but not suitable for high-temperature cooking.
   • Sucralose – Heat-stable sweetener used in baked goods.
   • Stevia – Natural sweetener extracted from Stevia plant leaves.
4. Artificial sweeteners help in weight management and diabetes control.

4. Antioxidants in Food

1. Antioxidants are substances that prevent food from oxidation and spoilage.
2. They help maintain flavor, color, and nutritional value of food.
3. Common food antioxidants:
   • Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid) – Found in citrus fruits, prevents oxidation in juices.
   • Vitamin E – Used in vegetable oils to prevent rancidity.
   • Butylated Hydroxyanisole (BHA) & Butylated Hydroxytoluene (BHT) – Synthetic antioxidants used in oils and snacks.
   • Sulfur compounds – Used in dried fruits and wine preservation.
4. Antioxidants also provide health benefits by reducing free radical damage in the body.

5. Importance of Food Chemicals

1. Help in extending food shelf life and reducing food wastage.
2. Enhance flavor, texture, and appearance of processed foods.
3. Provide dietary alternatives for diabetic and calorie-conscious individuals.
4. Protect food from oxidation, microbial contamination, and spoilage.

6. Concerns and Safety Regulations

1. Excessive consumption of preservatives and artificial sweeteners may have health risks.
2. Some preservatives, like sodium nitrite, have been linked to health concerns.
3. Strict regulations by FDA, FSSAI, and WHO ensure food safety.
4. Consumers should opt for a balanced diet with natural and organic food choices.

7. Conclusion

1. Chemicals in food play a significant role in modern food preservation and production.
2. Understanding food preservatives, artificial sweeteners, and antioxidants helps in making informed food choices.
3. It is important to follow safe consumption limits for a healthy diet.