Monocot and dicot stem and leaf anatomy1. IntroductionThe stem and leaf are essential vegetative organs of plants.Their internal structure helps in transport, photosynthesis, and support.Both structures differ significantly in monocots…
Monocot and dicot root structure1. IntroductionThe root is an essential organ of a plant that anchors it and absorbs water and minerals.Roots are classified into monocot and dicot roots based on their internal structure.Both types…
Types of roots: taproot, fibrous, adventitious1. IntroductionPlant morphology refers to the external structure of plants.The three main vegetative organs are the root, stem, and leaf.Roots anchor the plant, stems provide support, and leaves…
Permanent tissue: simple (parenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma) and complex (xylem, phloem)1. Introduction to Permanent TissuesPermanent tissue is derived from meristematic tissue and has lost its ability to divide.It plays a vital role in providing support, transport, and storage in…
Meristematic tissue: apical, lateral, intercalary1. Introduction to Plant TissuesA tissue is a group of cells with a common origin and function.Plant tissues are classified into meristematic and permanent tissues.Meristematic tissue consists of…
Seed structure and types of germination (epigeal, hypogeal)1. Introduction to SeedsA seed is a fertilized and matured ovule that gives rise to a new plant.It consists of essential structures necessary for plant growth.Seeds are the primary means of…
Classification of fruits: simple, aggregate, multiple1. Introduction to FruitsA fruit is a matured and ripened ovary that contains seeds.It develops after fertilization, although some fruits form without fertilization (called parthenocarpic fruits).The…
Types of inflorescence (racemose, cymose)1. Introduction to FlowersA flower is the reproductive organ of angiosperms.It is responsible for sexual reproduction and produces seeds.Flowers can be unisexual (having either stamens or carpels) or…
Parts of a flower (sepals, petals, stamens, pistil)1. IntroductionThe flower is the reproductive organ of angiosperms.It consists of four main parts: sepals, petals, stamens, and pistil.The arrangement of flowers on a plant is called inflorescence.2.
Leaf structure, types, venation (parallel, reticulate), and phyllotaxy1. IntroductionThe leaf is a lateral, flattened structure of the plant, mainly responsible for photosynthesis.It is typically green due to the presence of chlorophyll.Leaves arise from the nodes of…