Seed dormancy and methods to break dormancy1. IntroductionSeed dormancy is a state in which seeds do not germinate even under favorable conditions.It ensures the survival of seeds by preventing premature germination.Dormancy helps seeds to…
Types of germination, factors affecting germination1. IntroductionSeed germination is the process by which a dormant seed develops into a seedling.It is essential for the propagation and survival of plant species.Dormancy is a condition where a…
Development of seeds and fruit formation1. IntroductionAfter fertilization, the ovule develops into a seed, and the ovary transforms into a fruit.This process ensures reproduction and dispersal of flowering plants.2.
Tissue culture and its applications1. Introduction to Tissue CultureTissue culture is a technique of growing plant cells, tissues, or organs in a sterile and controlled environment.It is a form of asexual reproduction and helps in the…
Vegetative propagation: runners, tubers, bulbs, grafting1. Introduction to Asexual ReproductionAsexual reproduction is a mode of reproduction in which offspring are produced without the involvement of gametes.It leads to the formation of genetically…
Carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and water cycles1. Introduction to Biogeochemical CyclesBiogeochemical cycles are natural processes that recycle essential elements between the environment and organisms.These cycles maintain ecological balance and…
Conservation methods: in situ and ex situ conservation1. Introduction to ConservationConservation of biodiversity is essential to protect species, ecosystems, and genetic resources.It helps maintain ecological balance and ensures sustainability of…
Levels of biodiversity, threats to biodiversity1. Introduction to BiodiversityBiodiversity refers to the variety of life forms on Earth, including plants, animals, and microorganisms.It is essential for maintaining ecosystem balance and providing…
Conservation methods, role of plants in combating pollution1. Introduction to Environmental ConservationEnvironmental conservation refers to protecting and preserving natural resources to maintain ecological balance.It involves sustainable practices,…